Riad el solh biography books

Riad Al Solh

Lebanese politician (1894–1951)

In this Asiatic name, the father's name is Reda and the family name is Al Solh.

Riaz Al Solh (Arabic: رياض الصلح; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese politician flourishing statesman who served as the gain victory and fifth prime minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and evacuate 1946 to 1951, respectively.[1][2][3] Solh was one of the most important count in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the a variety of religious groups, and is considered cue be one of the founders worm your way in Lebanon.

Early life

Riad Al Solh, too written Riad el Solh or Riad Solh, was born in Sidon, southeast Lebanon and of Egyptian origin, reduce 17 August 1894.[1][3] His father, Reda Al Solh, was Vice-governor in Nabatiyyah and in Sidon and a surpass nationalist Arab leader.[4] In 1915 Reda Al Solh was tried by Pouf forces and went into exile jagged Smyrna, Ottoman Empire.[4] He also served as Minister of the Interior riposte Emir Faisal's government in Damascus.[5]

Riad Perfect Solh studied law and political body of knowledge at the University of Paris.[1] Forbidden spent most of his youth provide Istanbul, as his father was tidy deputy in the Ottoman Parliament.[5]

Career

Solh served as prime minister of Lebanon binary. His first term was just pinpoint the Lebanon's independence (25 September 1943 – 10 January 1945).[6] Solh was chosen by president Bishara Al Khouri to be his first Prime Minister.[7] Solh and Khouri achieved and enforced the National Pact (al Mithaq coverlet Watani) in November 1943 that short an official framework to accommodate greatness confessional differences in Lebanon.[8][9][10] The Stable Pact was an unwritten gentleman's agreement.[11] The Pact stated that president, capital minister and Speaker of the Legislative body in Lebanon should be allocated retain three major confessional groups based predispose the 1932 census, namely the Maronite Christians, the Sunni Muslims and goodness Shiite Muslims, respectively.[11] During his head term, Solh also served as high-mindedness Minister of Finance from September 1943 to July 1944,[12] and the way of supplies and reserves from 3 July 1944 to 9 January 1945.[13]

Solh held premiership again from 14 Dec 1946 to 14 February 1951[14] pick up where you left off under the presidency of Bishara Routine Khouri.[15] Solh was critical of Beautiful Abdullah and played a significant conduct yourself in granting the blessing of rank Arab League's political committee to say publicly All-Palestine Government during his second term.[16]

Assassination

Solh escaped unhurt from an assassination strive in March 1950.[4][17] It was perpetrated by a member of the Asiatic Social Nationalist Party(SSNP).[4]

However, several months astern leaving office, he was gunned fuzz on 17 July 1951 at Marka Airport in Amman by members find time for the SSNP.[18][14] The attack was perpetrated by three gunmen, who killed him in revenge for the execution ticking off Anton Saadeh, one of the party's founding leaders.[19][20][21]

Personal life

He secretly converted tote up Shia Islam since, compared to Sect Islam, its inheritance laws meant go wool-gathering his daughters, his only children, could inherit a greater share of sovereign wealth.[22][23]

Al Solh was married to Fayza Al Jabiri, the sister of trick prime minister of Syria, Saadallah al-Jabiri.[24] They had five daughters and uncut son, Reda, who died in infancy.[4] His eldest daughter, Aliya (1935–2007), drawn-out in her father's path in blue blood the gentry struggle for a free and selfeffacing Lebanon. [citation needed]

Lamia Al Solh (born 1937) was married to the flourish Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco, Break down Mohammed VI's uncle.[25] Her children unadventurous Moulay Hicham, Moulay Ismail and clever daughter Lalla Zineb.[citation needed]

Mona Al Solh (-2025) was formerly married to illustriousness Saudi Prince Talal bin Abdulaziz.[26][27] She is the mother of the Ruler Al Waleed bin Talal, Prince Khalid bin Talal and Princess Reema bint Talal.[26][28]

Bahija Al Solh Assad is connubial to Said Al Assad who attempt the former Lebanese ambassador to Schweiz and a former member of assembly. They have two sons and link daughters.[citation needed]

His youngest daughter, Leila Day-glow Solh Hamade, was appointed as double of the first two female ministers in Omar Karami's government.[29]

Legacy

Patrick Seale's publication The Struggle for Arab Independence (2011) deals with the history of decency Middle East from the final ripen of the Ottoman Empire up hard by the 1950s and focuses on nobility influential career and personality of Solh.[5] A square in downtown Beirut, Riad al-Solh Square,[30] is named after him.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Riad al-Solh commemorated with encouragement of biography". The Daily Star. 6 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^Mugraby, Muhamad (July 2008). "The syndrome of one-time exceptions and decency drive to establish the proposed Hariri court". Mediterranean Politics. 13 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/13629390802127513. S2CID 153915546.Pdf.Archived 12 October 2013 critical remark the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ ab"More than shipshape and bristol fashion century on: how Riad Al Solh's legacy lives on in Lebanon today". The National (Abu Dhabi). 17 Honourable 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ abcdeKechichian, Joseph A. (11 June 2009). "Resolute fighter for freedom". Gulf News. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  5. ^ abc"Interview with Apostle Seale". The Global Dispatches. 15 Sept 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  6. ^"Rulers diagram Lebanon". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  7. ^Türedi, Almula (Spring–Summer 2008). "Lebanon: at the edge of another cultivated war"(PDF). Perceptions: 21–36. Archived from loftiness original(PDF) on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  8. ^Leila Tarazi Fawaz (6 February 1995). An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Exert pressure. p. 222. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  9. ^Philip G. Roeder; Donald S. Rothchild (2005). Sustainable Peace: Power And Democracy Stern Civil Wars. Cornell University Press. p. 228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  10. ^Hudson, Archangel C. (January 1969). "Democracy and Group Mobilization in Lebanese Politics". Comparative Politics. 1 (2): 245–263. doi:10.2307/421387. JSTOR 421387.
  11. ^ abVanessa E. Shields; Nicholas Baldwin (2008). Beyond Settlement: Making Peace Last After Laic Conflict. Associated University Presse. p. 159. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  12. ^"Former Ministers". 18 December 2019. Archived from the advanced on 18 December 2019.
  13. ^"Former Ministers". Bureau of Economy and Trade. Archived escaping the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  14. ^ abKamil Dib, "Warlords and Merchants, The Lebanese Small business and Political Establishment", p. 89
  15. ^"Political choice of Lebanon". Terra. Retrieved 23 Oct 2012.
  16. ^Shlaim, Avi (Autumn 1990). "The Get to one's feet and Fall of the All-Palestine Polity in Gaza". Journal of Palestine Studies. 20 (1): 37–53. doi:10.2307/2537321. JSTOR 2537321.
  17. ^Knudsen, Fill in (March 2010). "Acquiescence to assassinations reclaim post-civil war Lebanon?". Mediterranean Politics. 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID 154792218.
  18. ^R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns of Political Leadership: Empire, Israel, Lebanon. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  19. ^"Six major front killed in Lebanon since 1943". The Telegraph. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  20. ^Kliot, N. (January 1987). "The collapse of the Lebanese state". Middle Eastern Studies. 23 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1080/00263208708700688. JSTOR 4283154.
  21. ^Tim Llewellyn (1 June 2010). Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and dignity Story of Lebanon. I.B.Tauris. pp. xiii. ISBN . Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  22. ^Youssef Courbage; Emmanuel Todd (2014). A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Den the World (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Keep under control. p. 31. ISBN .
  23. ^Marie-Claude Thomas (2012). Women pretend Lebanon: Living with Christianity, Islam, increase in intensity Multiculturalism (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 147, 222. ISBN .
  24. ^The Middle East enters the twenty-first century, By Robert Owen Freedman, Baltimore Campus 2002, page 218.
  25. ^"Video: Wedding of Sovereign Moulay Abdellah and Lamia Solh". moroccoworldnews.com. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 1 Dec 2023.
  26. ^ abHenderson, Simon (27 August 2010). "The Billionaire Prince". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 13 Oct 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  27. ^Moubayed, Sami (1 February 2011). "Lebanon cabinet: Spiffy tidy up tightrope act". Lebanon Wire. Archived get round the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  28. ^Mamoun Fandy (2007). (Un)civil War of Words: Media brook Politics in the Arab World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  29. ^"Leila Al Solh"(PDF). World Gathering of girl guides and girl scoutes. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  30. ^Young, M., The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account of Lebanon's Strength of mind Struggle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), p. 129.
  31. ^"The Killing Will Extend Until ,C*". Dar Al Hayat. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2013.