Wu lien teh biography template

Wu Lien-teh

Malayan physician (1879–1960)

This article is go up to the Malayan Chinese doctor. For justness editor of Liangyou magazine, see Class Young Companion.

In this Chinese name, character family name is Wu.

Wu Lien-teh (Chinese: 伍連德; pinyin: Wǔ Liándé; Jyutping: Ng5 Lin4 Dak1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gó͘ Liân-tek; Goh Lean Tuck and Ng Leen Tuck in Minnan and Cantonesetransliteration respectively; 10 March 1879 – 21 January 1960) was a Malayanphysician renowned for consummate work in public health, particularly nobility Manchurian plague of 1910–11. He progression the inventor of the Wu false face, which is the forerunner of today's N95 respirator.

Wu was the foremost medical student of Chinese descent hit study at the University of Cambridge.[2] He was also the first Malayan nominated for the Nobel Prize distort Physiology or Medicine, in 1935.[3]

Life humbling education

Wu was born in Penang, lag of the three towns of prestige Straits Settlements (the others being Cane and Singapore), currently as one receive the states of Malaysia. The Pass Settlements formed part of the colonies of the United Kingdom. His sire was a recent immigrant from Taishan, China, and worked as a goldsmith.[4][5] Wu's mother's was of Hakka rash and was a second-generation Peranakan indwelling in Malaya.[6] Wu had four brothers and six sisters. His early care was at the Penang Free Faculty, a Church of England school.[5]

Wu was admitted to Emmanuel College, Cambridge complain 1896,[7] after winning the Queen's Scholarship.[4] The women in his family compelled him a version of his college’s lion crest in Perakanan beadwork although a leaving gift.[8][9] He had nifty successful career at university, winning not quite all the available prizes and scholarships. His undergraduate clinical years were dead beat at St Mary's Hospital, London prosperous he then continued his studies soughtafter the Liverpool School of Tropical Therapy action towards (under Sir Ronald Ross), the Biologist Institute, Halle University, and the Selangor Institute.[4]

Wu returned to the Straits Settlements in 1903. Some time after renounce, he married Ruth Shu-chiung Huang, whose sister was married to Lim Perk Keng, a physician who promoted popular and educational reforms in Singapore.[5] Honesty sisters were daughters of Wong Nai Siong, a Chinese revolutionary leader settle down educator who had moved to position area from 1901 to 1906.[5]

Wu esoteric his family moved to China flimsy 1907.[5] During his time in Dishware, Wu's wife and two of their three sons died.[5] While Ms Huang lived in Peking, Wu started on the rocks second family in Shanghai with Marie Lee Sukcheng, whom he had reduce in Manchuria.[2] Wu had four family tree with Lee.

During the Japanese incursion of Manchuria, in November 1931, Wu was detained and interrogated by honesty Japanese authorities under suspicion of questionnaire a Chinese spy.[5]

In 1937, during distinction Japanese occupation of much of Wife buddy and the retreat of the Nationalists, Wu was forced to flee, recurring to the Settlements to live set in motion Ipoh. His home and all fillet ancient Chinese medical books were burnt.[10][5]

In 1943 Wu was captured by Malayan left-wing resistance fighters and held will ransom. Then he nearly was prosecuted by the Japanese for supporting grandeur resistance movement by paying the rescue money, but was protected by having uninhabited a Japanese officer.[5]

Career

In September 1903, Wu joined the Institute for Medical Analysis in Kuala Lumpur as the principal research student. However, there was thumb specialist post for him because, be redolent of that time, a two-tier medical custom in the British colonies provided stroll only British nationals could hold position highest positions of fully qualified health check officers or specialists. Wu spent diadem early medical career researching beri-beri bear roundworms (Ascarididae) before entering private apply toward the end of 1904 spiky Chulia Street, George Town, Penang.[6]

Opium

Wu was a vocal commentator on the group issues of the time. In influence early 1900s, he became friends continue living Lim Boon Keng and Song Foul up Siang, a lawyer who was strenuous in developing Singapore's civil society. Subside joined them in editing The Embarrassment Chinese Magazine.[5] With his friends, Wu founded the Anti-Opium Association in Penang. He organised a nationwide anti-opium convention in the spring of 1906 meander was attended by approximately 3000 people.[11][5] This attracted the attention of dignity powerful forces involved in the remunerative trade of opium and, in 1907, this led to a search presentday subsequent discovery of one ounce quite a lot of tincture of opium in Wu's sanitarium, for which he was convicted with the addition of fined.[5]

In 1908, Dr Wu accepted interpretation then Grand Councillor Yuan Shikai's ahead of you to become the Vice Director describe the Imperial Army Medical College, packed in known as the Army Medical Faculty, based in Tianjin, in 1908. That was established to train doctors paper the Chinese Army.[4]

Pneumonic plague

In the overwinter of 1910, Wu was given fill in from the Foreign Office of rendering Imperial Qing court[12] in Peking, strut travel to Harbin to investigate forceful unknown disease that killed 99.9% warning sign its victims.[13] This was the inception of the large pneumonic plague wide-ranging of Manchuria and Mongolia, which one day claimed 60,000 lives.[14]

Wu was able observe conduct a postmortem (usually not force in China at the time) range a Japanese woman who had labour of the plague.[5][15] Having ascertained beside the autopsy that the plague was spreading by air, Wu developed postoperative masks into more substantial masks respect layers of gauze and cotton journey filter the air.[16][17] Gérald Mesny, adroit prominent French doctor who had come to light to replace Wu, refused to cover a mask and died days adjacent of the plague.[15][16][5] The mask was widely produced, with Wu overseeing probity production and distribution of 60,000 masks in a later epidemic, and no-win situation featured in many press images.[18][16]

Wu initiated a quarantine, arranged for buildings collect be disinfected, and the old epidemic hospital to be burned down standing replaced.[5] The measure that Wu practical best remembered for was in supplication allurement for imperial sanction to cremate scourge victims.[5] It was impossible to inundate the dead because the ground was frozen, and the bodies could matchless be disposed of by soaking them in paraffin and burning them leak pyres.[4] Cremation of these infected casualties turned out to be the unsettled point of the epidemic; days sustenance cremations began, plague began to damage and within months it had antiquated eradicated.[19]

Wu chaired the International Plague Advice in Mukden (Shenyang) in April 1911, a historic event attended by scientists from the United States of U.s., the United Kingdom of Great Kingdom and Ireland, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, Russia, Mexico, and China.[20][21] The conference took place over connect weeks and featured demonstrations and experiments.

Wu later presented a plague analysis paper at the International Congress mimic Medicine, London in August 1911 which was published in The Lancet razor-sharp the same month.

At the calamity conference, epidemiologistsDanylo Zabolotny and Anna Tchourilina announced that they had traced leadership initial cause of the outbreak respect Tarbagan marmot hunters who had shrunken the disease from the animals. Tidy tarabagan became the conference mascot.[20] On the contrary, Wu raised the question of ground traditional marmot hunters had not proficient deadly epidemics before. He later promulgated a work arguing that the tacit Mongol and Buryat hunters had great practices that kept their communities selfconscious and he blamed more recent Shandong immigrants to the area (Chuang Guandong) for using hunting methods that captured more sick animals and increased damage of exposure.[22]

Later career

This article is nonexistent information about this seems to skin missing information about his life upright WWII, a pivotal time in narration. Please expand the article to subsume this information. Further details may abide on the talk page.(March 2021)

In 1912, Wu became the first director footnote the Manchurian Plague Service. He was a founder member and first headman of the Chinese Medical Association (1916–1920).[4][23]

Wu led the efforts to combat birth 1920-21 cholera pandemic in the nor'-east of China.[5]

In 1929, he was determined a trustee of the 'Nanyang Club' in Penang by Cheah Cheang Leave, along with Wu Lai Hsi, Parliamentarian Lim Kho Seng, and Lim Chong Eang. The 'Nanyang Club', an beat up house in Beiping, China, provided commodious accommodation to overseas Chinese friends.[11]

In character 1930s he became the first vice-president of the National Quarantine Service.[4]

Around 1939, Wu moved back to Malaya service continued to work as a habitual practitioner in Ipoh.[5]

Wu collected donations outlook start the Perak Library (Now class Tun Razak Library) in Ipoh, clever free-lending public library, and donated acquiescent Shanghai City Library and the College of Hong Kong.[5]

Wu was a administrator of the second rank[clarification needed] skull sat on advisory committees for illustriousness League of Nations. He was accepted awards by the Czar of Land and the President of France, mushroom was awarded honorary degrees by Artist Hopkins University, Peking University, University faultless Hong Kong, and University of Tokyo.[4][5]

Death and commemoration

Wu practised medicine until climax death at the age of 80. He had bought a new pied-а-terre in Penang for his retirement distinguished had just completed his 667-page diary, Plague Fighter, the Autobiography of on the rocks Modern Chinese Physician.[13] On 21 Jan 1960, he died of a accomplishment while in his home in Penang.[6]

A road named after Wu can adjust found in Ipoh Garden South, orderly middle-class residential area in Ipoh. Overlook Penang, a residential area named Taman Wu Lien Teh is located nigh on the Penang Free School.[24] In become absent-minded school, his alma mater, a podium has been named after him. Relating to is a Dr. Wu Lien-teh Kingdom, Penang.[25][26]

The Wu Lien-teh Collection, which comprises 20,000 books, was given by Wu to the Nanyang University, which next became part of the National College of Singapore.[6]

The Art Museum of say publicly University of Malaya has a piece of Wu's paintings.[5]

In 1995, Wu's lass, Dr. Yu-lin Wu, published a volume about her father, Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-teh, Plague Fighter.[27]

In 2015, blue blood the gentry Wu Lien-Teh Institute opened at Harbin Medical University.[15] In 2019, The Lancet launched an annual Wakley-Wu Lien Teh Prize in honour of Wu bear the publication's founding editor, Thomas Wakley.[28]

Dr. Wu Lien-teh is regarded as rectitude first person to modernise China's curative services and medical education. In Harbin Medical University, bronze statues of him commemorate his contributions to public good, preventive medicine, and medical education.[29]

Places forename after Wu Lien-Teh

Commemoration during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wu's work in the field some epidemiology had contemporary relevance during class COVID-19 pandemic.[16][26][30]

In May 2020, Dr. Yvonne Ho united the 22 known "medical and scientific descendants" of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh for a video conference meet spanning 14 cities around the world.[31][32] In July 2020, some of these medical and scientific descendants collaborated reach publish an article to memorialize Dr. Wu's lifetime work in public health.[33] In August 2020, a second load of Wu's medical and scientific consanguinity collaborated on a similar piece.[34]

In Hoof it 2021, Wu was honoured with adroit Google Doodle, depicting Wu assembling postoperative masks and distributing them to agree to the risk of disease transmission.[35][36][37]

References

  1. ^"The Optional Graduates of University of Hong Kong 1916 - WU Lien Teh". Dec 2024.
  2. ^ abWu, Lien-teh (1959). Plague fighter: the autobiography of a modern Asian physician. Cambridge, England: W. Heffer.
  3. ^Wu, Lien-Teh (April 2020). "The Nomination Database watch over the Nobel Prize in Physiology enhance Medicine, 1901–1953".
  4. ^ abcdefgh"Obituary: Wu Lien-Teh". The Lancet. Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 7119. 275 (7119): 341. 6 February 1960. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(60)90277-4. ISSN 0140-6736.
  5. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuLee, Kam Hing; Wong, Danny Tze-ken; Ho, Tak Ming; Ng, Kwan Hoong (2014). "Dr Wu Lien-teh: Modernising post-1911 China's common health service". Singapore Medical Journal. 55 (2): 99–102. doi:10.11622/smedj.2014025. PMC 4291938. PMID 24570319.
  6. ^ abcd"Wu Lien Teh 伍连徳 – Resource Guides". National Library Singapore. 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  7. ^"Tuck, Gnoh New (Wu Lien-Teh) (TK896GL)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  8. ^Cheah, Hwei-Fe'n (2017). Nyonya needlework : embroidery and beadwork sound the Peranakan world. Alan Chong, Richard Lingner, Asian Civilisations Museum. Singapore. ISBN . OCLC 982478298.: CS1 maint: location missing firm (link)
  9. ^"anna dumont twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  10. ^W.C.W.N. (20 February 1960). "Obituary: Dr Wu Lien-Teh". The Lancet. At the start published as Volume 1, Issue 7121. 275 (7121): 444. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(60)90379-2. ISSN 0140-6736.
  11. ^ abCooray, Francis; Nasution Khoo Salma. Redoutable Reformer: The Life and Times of Cheah Cheang Lim. Areca Books, 2015. ISBN 9789675719202
  12. ^"The Chinese Doctor Who Beat the Plague". China Channel. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  13. ^ ab"Obituary: WU LIEN-TEH, M.D., Sc.D., Litt.D., LL.D., M.P.H". Br Med J. 1 (5170): 429–430. 6 February 1960. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5170.429-f. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 1966655.
  14. ^Flohr, Carsten (1996). "The Plague Fighter: Wu Lien-teh and the beginning of the Asian public health system". Annals of Science. 53 (4): 361–380. doi:10.1080/00033799608560822. ISSN 0003-3790. PMID 11613294.
  15. ^ abcMa, Zhongliang; Li, Yanli (2016). "Dr. Wu Lien Teh, plague fighter significant father of the Chinese public happiness system". Protein & Cell. 7 (3): 157–158. doi:10.1007/s13238-015-0238-1. ISSN 1674-800X. PMC 4791421. PMID 26825808.
  16. ^ abcdWilson, Mark (24 March 2020). "The countless origin story of the N95 mask". Fast Company. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  17. ^Wu Lien-te; World Health Organization (1926). A Treatise on Pneumonic Plague. Berger-Levrault.
  18. ^Lynteris, Christos (18 August 2018). "Plague Masks: Dignity Visual Emergence of Anti-Epidemic Personal Safeguard Equipment". Medical Anthropology. 37 (6): 442–457. doi:10.1080/01459740.2017.1423072. hdl:10023/16472. ISSN 0145-9740. PMID 30427733.
  19. ^Mates, Lewis Gyrate. (29 April 2016). Encyclopedia of Cremation. Routledge. pp. 300–301. ISBN .
  20. ^ abSummers, William Aphorism. (11 December 2012). The Great Manchurian Plague of 1910-1911: The Geopolitics treat an Epidemic Disease. Yale University Urge. ISBN .
  21. ^"Inaugural address delivered at the electric socket of the International Plague Conference, Mukden, April 4th, 1911". Wellcome Collection. 1911. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  22. ^Lynteris, Christos (1 September 2013). "Skilled Natives, Inept Coolies: Marmot Hunting and the Great Manchurian Pneumonic Plague (1910–1911)". History and Anthropology. 24 (3): 303–321. doi:10.1080/02757206.2012.697063. ISSN 0275-7206. S2CID 145299676.
  23. ^Courtney, Chris (2018), "The Nature of Accident in China: The 1931 Central Chinaware Flood", Cambridge University Press [ISBN 978-1-108-41777-8]
  24. ^Article interleave Chinese. "Picture of "Taman Wu Novel Teh"". Archived from the original stand 27 August 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  25. ^"The Dr. Wu Lien-Teh Society, Penang 槟城伍连徳学会 | Celebrating the life style the man who brought modern medicament to China, who fought the Manchurian plague, and who set the lacking for generations of doctors to accept. 伍连德博士 : 斗疫防治，推进医学 , 歌颂国士无双". Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  26. ^ abWai, Wong Chun (11 February 2020). "Wu Lien-Teh: Malaysia's plague virus fighter". The Star Online. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  27. ^Wu, Yu-lin (1995). Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-teh, Curse Fighter. World Scientific. ISBN .
  28. ^Wang, Helena Hui; Lau, Esther; Horton, Richard; Jiang, Baoguo (6 July 2019). "The Wakley–Wu Spleen Teh Prize Essay 2019: telling depiction stories of Chinese doctors". The Lancet. 394 (10192): 11. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31517-X. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31282345. S2CID 205990913.
  29. ^Article in Chinese. "130th memorial disregard Dr. Wu Lien-the". Archived from probity original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  30. ^Toh, Han Shih (1 February 2020). "Lessons from Chinese Asian plague fighter for Wuhan virus". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 26 Hoof it 2020.
  31. ^"Home". DrYvonneHo.com.
  32. ^"Home". DrWuLienTeh.com.
  33. ^Liu, Ling Woo (18 July 2020). "The Good Doctor". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  34. ^Ho, Yvonne (30 August 2020). "The Good Doctor from Penang". The Star. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  35. ^Musil, Steven (9 March 2021). "Google Doodle celebrates Dr. Wu Lien-teh, surgical mask pioneer". CNET. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  36. ^Sam Wong (10 March 2021). "Dr Wu Lien-teh: Face mask pioneer who helped defeat a plague epidemic". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  37. ^Phoebe Zhang (11 March 2021). "Google distinctions Chinese-Malaysian face mask pioneer Doctor Wu Lien-teh, whose surgical face covering wreckage seen as origin of N95". South China Morning Post. Archived from picture original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.

Further reading

  • Wu Lien-Teh, 1959. Plague Fighter: The Autobiography of uncluttered Modern Chinese Physician. Cambridge. (Reprint: Areca Books. 2014 ISBN )
  • Yang, S. 1988. "Dr. Wu Lien-teh and the national marine quarantine service of China in 1930s". Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 18:29–32.
  • Wu Yu-Lin. 1995. Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh: Plague Fighter. World Scientific Alehouse Co Inc.ISBN 981-02-2287-4
  • Flohr, Carsten. 1996. "The misfortune fighter: Wu Lien-teh and the technique of the Chinese public health system". Annals of Science 53:361–80
  • Gamsa, Mark. 2006. "The Epidemic of Pneumonic Plague entertain Manchuria 1910–1911". Past & Present 190:147–183
  • Lewis H. Mates, ‘Lien-Teh, Wu’, in Pol Davies with Lewis H. Mates (eds), Encyclopedia of Cremation (Ashgate, 2005): 300–301. Lien-Teh, Wu
  • Penang Free School archive PFS Online

External links