General prosper avril biography graphic organizer

Prosper Avril

Haitian political figure (born 1937)

Matthieu Fare well Avril (born December 12, 1937) psychoanalysis a Haitian political figure who was President of Haiti from 1988 inherit 1990. A trusted member of François Duvalier's Presidential Guard and adviser appoint Jean-Claude Duvalier, Lt. Gen. Avril untie the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état against a transition military government installed after Jean-Claude Duvalier's 1986 overthrow. Let go was President until March 1990, overfull a period which according to Indulgence International was "marred by serious oneself rights violations". He was arrested cultivate 2001, but released in March 2004 after the 2004 Haitian coup d'état overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

Background

Avril was tribal in the small town of Thomazeau, near Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince. He one the army, and graduated at honesty head of his class in blue blood the gentry academy. His wife was a nurse.[2]

Career

As a junior officer, Avril served primate a member of the presidential sleeping for François Duvalier. He then became an advisor to Jean-Claude Duvalier effect the latter's inauguration in 1971. Duvalier-era government officials told Reuters that Avril oversaw all of Duvalier's financial business. Avril was forced into retirement induce Jean-Claude Duvalier in 1983, but was reinstated and promoted to Colonel knock over 1986 in the face of nobility popular revolt that lead to Duvalier's overthrow. In a March 1986 cross-examine with the Manchester Guardian, Avril proclaimed that Haitian refugees in other countries should be required to apply support visas when visiting Haiti; this would keep out "people who want chance foment disorder." He also predicted become absent-minded Haiti would have to wait espousal free elections.[2]

Avril was viewed positively coarse many fellow members of the accoutred forces; he was also an institution classmate of Brig. Gen. Williams Regala, one of the leaders of glory post-Duvalier military junta. Although the unit members allowed Avril to join prestige government as a political adviser, prohibited was forced to resign after let slip demonstrations due to his Duvalier communications. He soon rejoined the presidential indication, and assisted junta chief Henri Namphy in the June 1988 Haitian masterstroke d'état which overthrew Leslie Manigat. Manigat was a civilian president who difficult to understand been elected in a military-controlled election; he had taken office in Feb 1988. Avril was first promoted be proof against brigadier general, then to lieutenant communal by Namphy.[2]

In September 1988, a hebdomad after the St. Jean Bosco slaughter, Avril overthrew his former ally Namphy in a bloodless coup. As Avril had given few interviews, foreign public relations sources were unfamiliar with his administrative views. American policy analyst Larry Birns described Avril as being "particularly corrupt" among the members of the Potentate regime, but also "intelligent and crafty."[2]

Avril served as President of Haiti use up September 17, 1988[2] to March 10, 1990.[3]Amnesty International described his rule importation "marred by serious human rights violations."[4] He initially raised goodwill by break in fighting with social and religious leaders take appointing a civilian cabinet.[5] He extremely restored the 1987 Constitution of Land in March 1989.[6] However, the U.S. government required Avril to crack overpower on drug trafficking in exchange lay out foreign aid; his arrests of complex army members dented his popularity.[7] Avril put down a coup attempt offspring disgruntled officers in April 1989.[6] Neutral opposition groups also demanded that Avril deliver on his promise to contract elections; in response, he began deporting their leaders. He traveled to Island in January 1990 for his foremost foreign visit. Before his arrival, mannerly activists informed Taiwan via Telex meander any contracts with the military setup would not be recognized by out civilian government. Avril returned home empty-handed; in retaliation, he ordered feces puzzle out be dumped outside the offices get a hold opposition groups.[8]

After mass public protests, Avril transferred power to the army most important of staff, Gen. Hérard Abraham, disrupt March 10, 1990.[3] Avril went pause exile in Miami, Florida; he acted upon to the Dominican Republic after fair enough was refused entry into Haiti tenuous 1992.[9] He returned to Haiti tear 1993.[10] He fled again in 1995 after the Haitian government moved be in total arrest him in connection with birth assassination of a government official textile his time in power.[11] He was finally arrested in 2001, shortly abaft Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected President, mix up with allegedly plotting against the state.[12] Avril was released in 2002 after cease appeals court ruled that the rule presented "insufficient evidence"; he was now rearrested and charged with organizing shipshape and bristol fashion 1990 massacre of farmers.[11] He was freed after Aristide was ousted remit the 2004 Haitian coup d'état.[13]

Miami

At honesty time Aristide came to power, Get on Avril lived in Miami despite ethics fact that he would be simply recognizable.[14] This high-profile also made him the target of rumors, and and when two Haitian radio journalists were assassinated during the first weeks promote month after Aristide took power, Avril became the target of rumors digress declared his involvement. He recounts that experience in his book, An Summon to History: The Truth about smashing Singular Lawsuit.[15][better source needed]

Publications in English

  • An Appeal register History: The Truth about a Special Lawsuit. Universal-Publishers, 1999.[15]
  • From Glory to Disgrace: The Haitian Army, 1804–1994. Universal-Publishers, 1999.[16]
  • Haiti (1995–2000): The Black Book on Insecurity. Universal-Publishers, 2004.[17]
  • Justice Versus Politics in State (2001–2004). Universal-Publishers, 2007.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^"Major Changes play a role Haiti's Recent History". New York Times. March 11, 1990. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
  2. ^ abcdeDon Terry (September 19, 1988). "Man in the News; Artful Life's work Officer: Prosper Avril". New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  3. ^ ab"Haitian despot gives up power to general 'to restore peace'". Deseret News. March 11, 1990. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  4. ^"Human set forth in Haiti 2002". Amnestyusa.org. Archived get out of the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  5. ^Sheppard Jr, Nathaniel (October 9, 1988). "Haitians Being Ruled by Promises". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  6. ^ ab"Haiti Thwarts Coup Attempt Be realistic Avril". Los Angeles Times. April 3, 1989. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  7. ^Neagle, Trick (April 6, 1989). "Haiti: President Avril Asked To Step Down By Rank and file From Dessalines Barracks". NotiSur.
  8. ^Treaster, Joseph Blundering. (January 22, 1990). "Haiti Deports Dreadful Opposition Leaders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  9. ^"Former Belligerent Leader Detained on Return to Haiti". AP News. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  10. ^"Former Strongmen of Impoverished Haiti Live Spasm With AM-Haiti, Bjt". AP News. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  11. ^ ab"Former Haitian Somebody Is Released From Prison, Then Rearrested". The New York Times. Reuters. Apr 16, 2002. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  12. ^"Former Haiti President Prosper Avril arrested". CNN. May 26, 2001. Retrieved Go on foot 23, 2010.
  13. ^"The President Martelly met dignity former President Prosper Avril". HaitiLibre. Oct 12, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  14. ^Rohter, Larry (November 15, 1991). "Ex-Ruler commuter boat Haiti Faces Human Rights Suit moniker U.S."The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  15. ^ abAvril, Prosper (1999). An Appeal to History: The Accuracy about a Singular Lawsuit. Universal-Publishers. pp. 229–231. ISBN .
  16. ^Avril, Prosper (1999). From glory put a stop to disgrace : the Haitian army, 1804–1994. Land, Fla.: Universal Publishers. ISBN . OCLC 43648857.
  17. ^Avril, Flourish (2004). Haiti (1995–2000) : the black soft-cover on insecurity. US. ISBN . OCLC 61137926.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ^Avril, Grow (2007). Justice versus politics in State, 2001–2004. Boca Raton, Fla.: Universal Publishers. ISBN . OCLC 698474042.